Case-study – Dr. CHRISTY ABRAHAM, MD (Psychiatry) https://test.drchristyabraham.com Design your mind, Transform your life Sun, 10 Aug 2025 12:07:00 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=7.1.4 Depression – 23 year old female final year MBBS student with 1 year history of illness https://test.drchristyabraham.com/case-study/depression/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=depression Fri, 06 Nov 2020 09:55:28 +0000 http://demo.7iquid.com/medcaline/?post_type=case-study&p=1057

Depression

23 year old female final year MBBS student with 1 year history of illness

A 23 year old female accompanied by her mother came to my clinic at Podiyadi, Thiruvalla in May 2019, complaining of low mood. She was studying MBBS final year in a medical college in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala.

Her complaints started 1 year back when she was studying 3rd year MBBS. She without any reason began to experience low mood, which she could experience as having a different quality and intensity to the usual sadness which she had experience in the past and this low mood was present on most of the time a day, most of the days a week. Along with the low mood, she also noticed that she is getting mentally and physically exhausted and tired very easily even after a light mental or physical exertion. She would then have to lie down and take rest; but even after taking rest she wouldn’t feel refreshed or energetic. She also began to lose interest in activities which previously was pleasurable to her, like she now didn’t have much interest in watching TV or seeing movies or studying or going out with friends. Slowly she began to lose interest in talking even with her own family members. Most of the time she was sitting locked inside her own room, just lying down and crying sometimes.She began to get sad & irritated & angry when others would ask why she is behaving in such a strange manner.

Back at college, she became less interactive with her colleagues, most of the time confined to herself. She lost confidence in herself to such an extent that she was finding it difficult to maintain eye to eye contact while interacting with others. During the class she couldn’t maintain concentration and was accused of day dreaming by her teachers who would now scold her for being lazy and disinterested. She found presenting seminars and symposiums extremely difficult- would become extremely nervous, anxious and frightened and break down in tears in between. So, she began to make up excuses to skip it. She couldn’t concentrate well while studying, feeling quickly exhausted even after a slight mental effort and during theory exams she complained of forgetfulness and couldn’t remember what she had learned. During practical exams she developed extreme nervousness and social anxiety and couldn’t perform well.  Her performance in college dipped and she failed in 3rd year MBBS exams.

She began to worry about her present condition and worried how she may end up in the future. She felt that others are not understanding and helping her. She began to think her life has become worthless and hopeless and it was now better for her to die. She once planned to end her life by committing suicide but didn’t have thecourage to execute it. Her sleep was disturbed and appetite was now low and she began to lose weight. Her self-care was affected. Usually she used to take bath twice a day. But now she wouldn’t care to take bath even after 3 or 4 days.

With these complaints she was taken to a psychiatrist and was given medication. But she got extremely drowsy on these and discontinued treatment. Then she was taken to another psychiatrist and again put on another set of medications, but now she complained that her anxiety symptoms increased very much. So, at 23 years of age, 1year after the illness began, she was brought to me for consultation.

On examination- Patient was moderately built and nourished, fully conscious & cooperative, rapport was established. Psychomotor activity was decreased, Talk was decreased in amount, tone & tempo, reaction time was increased, prosody was maintained, relevant & coherent. Examination of her Thought showed that she had retardation of thinking and depressive cognitions- ideas of helplessness, worthlessness and hopelessness. No active suicidal ideas although death wishes were present. Mood was anxious & depressed. Affect was decreased in range and reactivity, appropriate but slightly labile. No perceptual abnormalities like hallucinations were noted. Cognitive functions showed decreased attention and concentration with normal intelligence, memory and abstractability and intact judgement and good insight.

Diagnosis of Depressive episode – severe was made.

Patient and relative were psychoeducated regarding the illness, a definitive management plan was worked out with the client and relative. She was started on Pharmacotherapy (Medicines) – antidepressants and Psychotherapy (CBT). After 4 weeks – up titration of medicines to therapeutic level & 4 CBT sessions, 100% improvement was attained and maintained. No side effects to medicines were reported. She passed 4th year MBBS with good marks & completed her house surgency too. She still remains symptom free and happy, back to her normal self, now practicing as a doctor.

Self-Assessment

Depression Test

1 / 21

Sadness

2 / 21

Pessimism

3 / 21

Past Failure

4 / 21

Loss of Pleasure

5 / 21

Guilty Feelings

6 / 21

Punishment Feelings

7 / 21

Self-Dislike

8 / 21

Self-Criticalness

9 / 21

Suicidal Thoughts or Wishes

10 / 21

Crying

11 / 21

Agitation

12 / 21

Loss of Interest

13 / 21

Indecisiveness

14 / 21

Worthlessness

15 / 21

Loss of Energy

16 / 21

Changes in Sleeping Pattern

17 / 21

Irritability

18 / 21

Changes in Appetite

19 / 21

Concentration Difficulty

20 / 21

Tiredness or Fatigue

21 / 21

Loss of Interest in Sex

Your score is

Self-Assessment

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Depressive Disorder

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Bipolar (BPAD : Bipolar Affective Disorder) – 35 year old divorced male with 10 years history of Illness https://test.drchristyabraham.com/case-study/bipolar/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=bipolar Thu, 05 Nov 2020 09:48:34 +0000 http://demo.7iquid.com/medcaline/?post_type=case-study&p=1047

Bipolar

35 year old divorced male with 10 years history of Illness

My client was a 35-year-old divorced male from Cochin. His family members had taken appointment for an Online Consultation via Zoom video call. Their main complaints were that he was very irritable, angry & talking much more than his usual self for the past 3 weeks.

His complaints started at the age of 25 years when he was in Qatar working for an MNC. His colleagues noticed that he was unusually energetic – would get up at 4am, whereas usually his wake-up time was 7am. He would pray more than usual. He would now talk about religious matters with great enthusiasm. He would say that God has blessed him and that he has a special relationship with God. Whatever he prays, God does it for him. He began to talk faster than usual, without stopping. He would talk about various matters like politics, sports, religious matters etc. While talking he would jump from one topic to another which doesn’t have any logical connection. He was seen to be more irritable, frequently picking up fights with others. At workplace he would be highly energetic, would start various new fancy projects, but would leave that in the middle and start a fresh one which also he wouldn’t complete. He caused much financial loss to the company.

One day he went and sat in the company Boss’s chair claiming that God had taken over this company and has entrusted him with leading it to glory. He even shouted and gave orders to fire its actual boss. Thus, he lost his job. His family back home was informed and was brought back to Cochin his home. Back home he continued to be highly irritable, pacing up and down the room, picking up quarrels and fights with others. He would go outside and buy new clothes every day, buy grocery items in excess of what was needed. He would visit neighbouring and relatives houses very frequently, would talk to strangers about various matters without stopping. He also began to use alcohol in excess. He used to be only an occasional drinker before.

With these complaints he was taken to a religious healer who told he was possessed by some evil spirit and told some remedies. He argued with the healer that he is the latest messenger of God and is going to write the latest edition of Holy book and nobody needs to ‘heal’ him. He got into physical fight with the religious healer and broke his arm. He was then taken to Ayurveda treatment where he was given ‘Nellikkathalam’ treatment. But there he got irritable, angry saying that that the ‘Nellikkathalam’ was draining his special super powers away. He also got fever and as not any improvement was noted even after 2 weeks of inpatient treatment, discontinued treatment. Then he was taken to a local psychiatric hospital, was admitted for 1 month and treated. But soon after recovering from this 1st episode of mania, medicines were stopped.

After 2 years of symptom free period, following the death of a close relative, he developed low mood, which was present most of the time a day, most of the days a week. Along with this he also developed low energy and easy fatiguability on slight physical or mental effort. He also developed decreased interest in previously pleasurable activities. Watching TV or going for movies was not anymore pleasurable to him as before. His confidence and self esteem also dipped considerably, that it was difficult for him to even maintain eye contact while interacting with others. He found noise from the TV unbearable and would often ask other family members to lower the voice. He would cry thinking that he has become a burden to the family. He became more and more withdrawn and confined to self in his own room, most of the time simply lying down in bed. He stopped going for his job. He felt helpless, worthless and hopeless and even had death wishes. His sleep and appetite were affected and his self-care became poor. He was admitted in a local hospital, diagnosed as having a depressive episode and was treated.

Later every year he had one episode of mania or depression for the next 7 years. During this time, he lost his job, wife got divorced and got involved in a couple of legal issues. This time, for the past 3 weeks, he had symptoms like his first episode- symptoms of mania. But even after taking treatment from a local psychiatric hospital, his illness didn’t fully subside. Also, they wanted a ‘permanent cure’ for this recurring episodic illness. Hence, they consulted me via Online- Zoom video call.

Mental Status Examination: Patient was moderately built and nourished, fully conscious, but not fully cooperative, rapport was difficult to establish. Psychomotor activity was increased, Talk was increased in amount, tone & tempo, reaction time was decreased, prosody was maintained, sometimes irrelevant & incoherent. Examination of her Thought showed that she had pressure of speech & flight of ideas with delusions of grandeur. Mood was euphoric & irritable. Affect was decreased in range and reactivity, inappropriate & labile. No perceptual abnormalities like hallucinations were noted. Cognitive functions showed decreased attention and concentration with normal intelligence, memory and abstractability and impaired judgement and poor insight.

Diagnosis of Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD)- current episode Manic was made.

Client and relative were psychoeducated regarding the illness, a definitive management plan was worked out with the client and relative. He was started on Pharmacotherapy (Medicines) – mood stabilizers. Examination of his thyroid status revealed that he had hypothyroidism. He also had severe vitamin D deficiency. Both of these were contributing to his mood destabilization. So, both these were corrected. After 2 weeks – up titration of mood stabilizers to therapeutic level, 100% improvement was attained and maintained. No side effects to medicines were reported. He was maintained on the same dose of medicines after the episode. He stopped getting any further episodes. He remarried, got back his job and was back to his normal way of life.

Self-Assessment

Mania Test

1 / 11

Elevated Mood

2 / 11

Increased Activity-Energy

3 / 11

Sexual Interest

4 / 11

Sleep

5 / 11

Irritability & Anger

6 / 11

Speech (Speed and Amount)

7 / 11

Language-Thought Disorder

8 / 11

Content of thought

9 / 11

Disruptive-Aggressive Behavior

10 / 11

Appearance

11 / 11

Insight

Your score is

Bipolar Disorder

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Anxiety with Panic Attacks – A difficult case of 25 year old doctor with history of 4 years of illness https://test.drchristyabraham.com/case-study/overcoming-difficulties-to-come-to-love/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=overcoming-difficulties-to-come-to-love Wed, 04 Nov 2020 09:53:58 +0000 http://demo.7iquid.com/medcaline/?post_type=case-study&p=1054

Anxiety with Panic Attacks

A difficult case of 25 year old doctor with history of 4 years of illness

A 25-year-old male, doctor by profession came to my clinic in January 2018 complaining of severe tension & fear of impending doom.

His complaints started dramatically following the suicide by hanging of his classmate & hostel mate when he was doing his 3rd year of MBBS. Following this tragic incident, my client started to experience severe anxiety characterised by mental tension, worries, restlessness & difficulty sleeping. He had feelings of tension all the time and he was unable to relax and enjoy life as before. He was worried all the time, worried what his future holds for him, fearfully anticipating the worst. He became very anxious and irritable even under slight stress. He began to experience pains & aches all over the body. His friends noticed him grinding his teeth at times when under extreme stress. When answering questions or presenting something in class, his voice became unsteady, had trembling of whole body, dry mouth, pounding heart, rapid breathing, had hot flushes and became dizzy and weak; and sometimes had to discontinue his presentations. He found this particularly embarrassing and awkward.

Because of these worries and tension, he couldn’t concentrate well in the class and was often criticised of day dreaming and and being lazy and disinterested by his teachers. When others criticise or make fun of him, he now became very much worried and was easily moved to tears. During exams he couldn’t concentrate well in his studies, was very anxious, restless, pacing up and down the room. He had difficulty sleeping. He would lie down to sleep, but wouldn’t fall asleep; instead would ruminate on various negative events that had happened & would worry about his future. He used to experience nightmares and would get up in between his sleep. In the morning, when he wakes up, he didn’t find his sleep to be refreshing. He experienced burning sensation inside his stomach. After having food, his abdomen would become distended, full, painful and had to go to toilet frequently to get relief. He failed in 2 subjects in his 3rd year MBBS University exams.

Relationship with his girlfriend also got into rough waters. He would now become irritable & angry very easily and quarrelled even on very silly issues. His sexual appetite also decreased and he experienced difficulty in erection and couldn’t enjoy sex as before. At home, he sometimes found the sound of the television unbearably irritating and would ask the family members to reduce the volume. He found attending church and marriages and other functions difficult as he had to face others, which would make him more nervous and stressful.

He also noticed that at times all of a sudden without any precipitating factors, he would have palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, nausea, feeling of dizziness, feeling of numbness, feeling of unreality and fear of going crazy/dying. These episodes would come all of a sudden without any warning and would last for about 1-2 minutes. These episodes happened at a frequency of about once per week. He was persistently worried about the possibility of getting another such episode and the possibility of getting a heart attack during such episodes. So in-order to avoid having such an episode, he stopped exercising and going out alone and being in unfamiliar situations.

He consulted psychiatrists at his own medical college and took medications and counselling. He improved slightly but still was far away from a complete recovery. So, at 25 years of age, 2 years after the illness began, he came to my clinic at Podiyadi  for Psychiatric consultation. 

On clinical examination- Patient was moderately built and nourished, fully conscious & cooperative, rapport was established. Psychomotor activity was increased, he was restless & fidgety. Talk was normal in amount, tone & tempo, reaction time was normal, prosody was maintained, relevant & coherent. Examination of his Thought showed that he had anxious preoccupations & worries. Depressive cognitions- ideas of helplessness, worthlessness and hopelessness were absent. Mood was highly anxious & irritable. Affect was normal in range and reactivity, appropriate with no liability. No perceptual abnormalities like hallucinations were noted. Cognitive functions showed decreased attention and concentration, high distractibility with normal intelligence, memory and abstractability and intact judgement and good insight.

Neuropsychiatric assessment scales- Hamilton Anxiety rating scale (HAM-A): Score was 39 indicating Very Severe Anxiety

Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorder with Panic Attacks were made.

My Client was psychoeducated regarding his illness, a definitive management plan was worked out with. He was started on Pharmacotherapy – anti-anxiety medicines and Psychotherapy (CBT for Anxiety). After 4 weeks – up titration of medicines to therapeutic level & 4 CBT sessions, 75% improvement were noted. HAM-A: 18. But still he had panic attacks in between although the frequency & intensity of the episodes were very much reduced. With further refinement of treatment, after 4 more weeks, he was 95% better & after about 3 months, 100% improvement & full recovery was noted. No side effects to medicines were reported.

Self-Assessment

Anxiety Test

1 / 14

Worries, anticipation of the worst, fearful anticipation

2 / 14

Feelings of tension, fatigability, startle response, moved to tears
easily, trembling, feelings of restlessness, inability to relax

3 / 14

Fear of dark, of strangers, of being left alone, of animals, of traffic, of crowds

4 / 14

Difficulty in falling asleep, broken sleep, unsatisfying sleep and fatigue on waking, dreams, nightmares

5 / 14

Difficulty in concentration, poor memory

6 / 14

Loss of interest & pleasure in activities, decreased energy & getting tired easily, depression

7 / 14

Pains and aches, increased muscle tension, stiffness, twitching, muscle jerks, grinding of teeth, unsteady voice

8 / 14

Ringing noise in ears, blurring of vision, hot and cold flushes, feelings of weakness, burning sensation

9 / 14

Increased heart rate, palpitations, pain in chest, throbbing of blood vessels, fainting feelings

10 / 14

Pressure or constriction in chest, choking feelings, sighing, difficulty breathing, over breathing

11 / 14

Difficulty in swallowing, nausea, abdominal fullness, abdominal pain, wind, looseness of bowels, constipation

12 / 14

Urgency to urinate, premature ejaculation, loss of libido, impotence

13 / 14

Dry mouth, flushing, pallor, tendency to sweat, giddiness, tension headache, raising of hair

14 / 14

Irritability - Easily getting annoyed, loosing temper, anger outbursts

Your score is

Self-Assessment

Check if you have Anxiety

Anxiety Disorder

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OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder) – 23 year old final year Engineering student with severe illness from childhood https://test.drchristyabraham.com/case-study/ocd/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=ocd Tue, 03 Nov 2020 09:50:47 +0000 http://demo.7iquid.com/medcaline/?post_type=case-study&p=1050

OCD

23 year old final year Engineering student with severe illness from childhood

A 23-year-old young man, studying engineering final year came to my clinic with complaints of repeated thoughts & acts from childhood, increased now for the past 2 yrs.

His complaints started during his childhood, when after touching somewhere, he would have repeated intrusive thoughts that his hands are dirty and contaminated and full of germs. He found it hard to control or resist these thoughts and found it extremely distressing. So, he was compelled to go and wash his hands very thoroughly with soap & water for about 10 minutes. But even after washing his hands very clean, he would again have these same repeated thoughts that still his hands are contaminated and dirty and if he doesn’t wash his hands properly, then he or his family members would get some illness. So, he would again go and wash. This cycle would continue for another 6-8 times. These thoughts and washing cycle would occur about 4-5 times a day, consuming most of his time.

He would have repeated thoughts that his body if full of germs and is contaminated. Hence, he would go and bath. Before beginning to bath he would find that the floor of bathroom is unclean and hence have to clean it first very thoroughly. Then he would clean his bucket and mug. He would even clean his soap to make sure that its clean! Then he would bath very meticulously for about 1 hour, being very careful to wash each and every part of his body. He would waste a lot of water and his parents would scold him for that. After bathing, when he closes the tap, he would feel that his hands have again become contaminated and he would have to again wash the tap and his hands. Sometimes after coming out of the bathroom after a marathon bathing, he would feel that his feet are still contaminated and not washed properly and so he would have to again go back and wash it properly all over again. He used to bath only once a day. But now he was compelled to bath 3 times a day.

When he would pray, blasphemous images of God- like God being naked or he having sex with God would come to his mind repeatedly again and again. These thoughts/images were very much distressing to him. He would feel that he is a bad person and & would feel very guilty about this. He would try to resist these thoughts/images very hard. When he would have such blasphemous thoughts/images, he would try to forcefully think about or picturize something else, try to distract himself away, but unsuccessfully. He would also get doubts if he has recited/told all the prayers correctly or not. So, he would again and again repeat the same prayers many times over to make sure he has said all the prayers correctly. Also, while praying he has repeated thoughts/fear that he may blurt out obscenities/bad words.

When he is interacting very close with his relatives, like having dinner together, he would experience repeated images/thoughts of he having sex with his close relatives. This is very distressing to him. He would feel very guilty about this. He would feel he is a very bad person and that’s why he is thinking about all such unthinkable stuff. These thoughts he would try to resist very hard but unsuccessfully. So, he began to avoid being in close proximity with his relatives like having dinner together, because he was afraid, he may sexually advance towards them. In college also he began distancing himself away from his female colleagues.

When he is using public transport like travelling in bus, he would have repeated doubts that he is emitting bad odour from his body and that is causing the fellow travellers much distress. He also feels other co-passengers are talking and making fun about him. So, he would carry pocket body spray and would use it in between. He would also have repeated doubts that his face is unformed especially his nose and others are noticing and talking about it. Also, while in bus, someone would step on his feet or inadvertently touch his body which would in turn make him have repeated doubts that his body part has been contaminated and is full of germs and have to wash it. All these made his travelling by public transport very distressing and near impossible.

He also had repeated checking behaviour. When he packs the books in college bag, he would have repeated doubts whether he has actually placed the books
or not. So, he is compelled to check many times over and over again. After closing the door, he has repeated doubts if he has actually closed it or not. So, he is compelled to look and lock it again repeatedly many times over. He would arrange the books on his table very symmetrically and very orderly and neatly. If anyone disturbs it, he would become very uneasy and have to go back and arrange it again in his own way. He wears only well ironed shirts and pants. If any stain happens to be on his clothes, it will be very distressing and he would then discard it. Also, if any scratches or stain happens on his mobile, he is compelled to discard it and buy a brand-new mobile phone.

While getting up from sleep, he has to get up in a particular way. Also, while walking he has to step on a crack or a particular tile. Otherwise he feels something bad may happen to him or his close relatives. While driving he is compelled to count the number of vehicles which has overtaken him and he has to make sure he overtakes more vehicles than that number. Otherwise he feels something bad may happen to him. While sitting he has repeated doubts if he sat properly or not. So, he would again get up and sit properly and firmly many times over. He would also have repeated fear that he may harm others in some way.

She was taken to many Psychiatrists and psychologists from the age of 19, but he reported only minimal improvement. Hence, he was desperately searching for a cure and was googling, and ended up in my clinic.

On examination- Patient was moderately built and nourished, fully conscious & cooperative, rapport established. Psychomotor activity was normal, Talk was normal in amount, tone & tempo, reaction time was normal, prosody was maintained, relevant & coherent. Examination of his Thought showed that he had severe obsessions and compulsions. Mood was anxious. Affect was appropriate. No perceptual abnormalities were present. Cognitive functions showed normal intelligence, memory and abstractability with intact judgement and good insight.

Diagnosis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) was made.

Patient was psychoeducated regarding his illness, a definitive management plan was made taking the patient into confidence. He was started on Pharmacotherapy (Medicines) and Psychotherapy (CBT, Exposure & response prevention). After 6 weeks – up titration of medicines to therapeutic level & 6 Psychotherapy sessions, 100% improvement was attained and maintained. No side effects to medicines were reported. He passed his Engineering with flying colours and is now well placed in an MNC.

Self-Assessment

Check if you have OCD

Self-Assessment

OCD Test

1 / 20

Have you been bothered by unpleasant thoughts or images that repeatedly enter your mind,

Disgust with bodily waste (e.g., urine, faeces, saliva), Concerns with contamination (dirt, germs) or acquiring a serious illness such as AIDS?

2 / 20

Have you been bothered by unpleasant thoughts or images that repeatedly enter your mind,

Over concern with keeping objects (clothing, groceries, tools) in perfect order or arranged exactly?

3 / 20

Have you been bothered by unpleasant thoughts or images that repeatedly enter your mind,

Need to know or remember, Fear of- saying certain things/not saying just the right thing/losing things?

4 / 20

Have you been bothered by unpleasant thoughts or images that repeatedly enter your mind,

Images of death or other horrible events?

5 / 20

Have you been bothered by unpleasant thoughts or images that repeatedly enter your mind,

Personally unacceptable religious or sexual thoughts?

6 / 20

Have you worried a lot about terrible things happening, such as...

Fire, burglary, or flooding the house?

7 / 20

Have you worried a lot about terrible things happening, such as...

Accidentally hitting a pedestrian with your car, or letting your call roll down the hill?

8 / 20

Have you worried a lot about terrible things happening, such as...

Fear that you may Spread an illness?

9 / 20

Have you worried a lot about terrible things happening, such as...

Harm coming to a loved one because you weren’t careful enough?

10 / 20

Have you worried a lot about terrible things happening, such as...

Fear might harm self/others, Violent or horrific images, Fear of blurting out obscenities or insults, Fear of doing something else embarrassing?

11 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Excessive or ritualized washing, cleaning, or grooming?

12 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Checking light switches, water taps, the stove, door locks?

13 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Counting; arranging; evening-up behaviors (making sure things are placed symmetrically)?

14 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Collecting useless objects, piling up old newspapers or inspecting the garbage before it is thrown out?

15 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Repeating routine actions (in/out of chair, going through doorway, walking) a certain number of times or until it feels just right?

16 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Need to touch objects or people?

17 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Unnecessary re-reading or re-writing; newspapers/letters?

18 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Examining your body for signs of illness?

19 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Avoiding colours (“red” means blood), numbers (l3) that are associated with dreaded events or unpleasant thoughts?

20 / 20

Have you felt driven to perform certain acts over and over again, such as...

Needing to “confess” or repeatedly asking for reassurance that you said or did something correctly?

Your score is

OCD Disorder

To know more about this disorder, click here

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Schizophrenia – 30 year old unmarried lady with history of severe illness started at the age of 17 https://test.drchristyabraham.com/case-study/schizophrenia/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=schizophrenia Mon, 02 Nov 2020 09:56:56 +0000 http://demo.7iquid.com/medcaline/?post_type=case-study&p=1060

Schizophrenia

30 year old unmarried lady with history of severe illness started at the age of 17

A 30-year-old unmarried anxious lady came to my clinic accompanied by her father with complaints ofmental distress from 17yrs of age. Her complaints started at 17yrs of age, when she started hearing voices when she was alone in her room. She could hear 2-3 people talking & discussing among themselves about her in a derogatory manner. She would feel really perplexed, anxious & fearful and would in turn go out of the room and search around trying to find from where these voices are coming from; but she wouldn’t find anyone around. So, she thought these were coming from neighbouring house and began suspecting them. She asked her parents & elder sister if they could hear these voices but they would in fact ridicule her and rub it aside. Later these voices were like a running commentary about whatever she does. She began to fight back against these voices, sometimes talking back, quarrelling and sometimes yelling at them. Family members noticed that she was sometimes muttering and smiling to self with hand gestures as if talking with invisible persons. When others around her would discuss something, she became suspicious that they are talking ill about her. She began to feel that the news in the television and newspapers are about her. As a result, she became sad, angry and irritable towards others.In her college class, because of this continuous hearing voices and resultant fear and suspiciousness, she couldn’t concentrate on her studies and began to score low marks.She began to be fearful and anxious and suspicious that there is a gang who may be watching & spying on her all the time through some cameras placed inside the house and is tracking her all movements through mobile phones & satellites.She also began to feel that others around her are able to read and control her thoughts and body using some kind of electronic device.While sleeping alone in her own room with closed door, she sometimes began to feel that somebody is touching her private parts, and began suspecting and accusing her father of sexual harassment. Subsequently she stopped going out of her home and interacting with others. Shebecame more and more withdrawn, spending most of the time in her own room – locked from inside; self-absorbed in her own magical world of voices, suspiciousness and fear, to the extent that she even began to neglect her own self-care activities like brushing teeth and bathing. She also couldn’t sleep well and her appetite became very low that she began losing weight.

She was taken to many Psychiatrists and psychologistsaround Mumbai but she reported only max 20% improvement, with side-effects like sedation and weight gain. So in between she would discontinue therapy. Later she was shown at NIMHANS Bangalore and CMC Vellore, but not much improvement was noted. So, at 30 years of age, 13 years after the illness began, she was brought to me for consultation.

On examination- Patient was moderately built and nourished, fully conscious & cooperative, but rapport was difficult to establish. Psychomotor activity was slightly decreased, Talk was decreased in amount, tone & tempo, reaction time was increased, prosody was maintained, relevant & coherent. Examination of her Thought showed that she hadretardation of thinking, thought blocking, loosening of association, Delusion of persecution, Delusion of reference, Thought withdrawal, Thought broadcast, Thought insertion, Delusion of control & passivity. Mood was anxious, depressed& irritable. Affect was appropriate. 3rd person auditory hallucinations were present with running commentary. Cognitive functions showed decreased attention and concentration with normal intelligence, memory and abstractability with impaired judgement and poor insight.

Diagnosis of Schizophrenia was made.

Patient and relative were extensively psychoeducated regarding the illness, a definitive management plan was made taking the patient into confidence. She was started on Pharmacotherapy (Medicines) and Psychotherapy (CBT). After 6 weeks – up titration of medicines to therapeutic level & 6 CBT sessions, 100% improvement was attained and maintained. No side effects to medicines were reported. She still remains symptom free and happy, back to her normal self- now doing a job in an IT company.

Self-Assessment

Schizophrenia Test

1 / 20

Patient can hear his own thoughts spoken aloud

2 / 20

Patient feels that some thoughts are not his own, but rather belong to someone else and have been inserted into his mind

3 / 20

Feeling that thoughts have been 'taken out' of patient's mind, and he has no power over this. (may experience a break in the flow of thoughts.. believing that the missing thoughts have been withdrawn from his mind by some outside agency)

4 / 20

Patient feels others can hear or are aware of his thoughts. (Patient's thoughts are being broadcast through different medias, such as the television or the radio)

5 / 20

Feeling that another person, group of people, or external force controls one's thoughts, feelings, impulses, or behaviors.

6 / 20

Patient feels that other people or external agents are covertly exerting powers over him & can control his body or limb movements

7 / 20

Patient feels that other people or external agents can cause specific sensations in his body

8 / 20

Patient saw something which may seem very ordinary to others; but is a special sign for him which has a private and important meaning.

9 / 20

Patient can hear voices discussing about him or can hear a running commentary about what he is doing

10 / 20

Patient can hear voices coming from inside his body

11 / 20

Patient feels he has superhuman powers like being able to control the weather or can communicate with aliens or have religious or political power

12 / 20

Patient has breaks in the train of thought, resulting in incoherence or irrelevant speech, or may use a newly coined word

13 / 20

Patient has abnormal excitement or may mimick sounds or may mimick others movements.

14 / 20

Patient may maintain an abnormal posture for a long time or may react very little to what's happening around him

15 / 20

If another person moves patient's limbs and body to an abnormal position, he will maintain it.

16 / 20

Patient may resist being moved or may resist being helped to perform self care activities like bathing.

17 / 20

Patient shows paucity of speech, incongruity of emotional responses, Loss of interest, aimlessness, idleness, a self-absorbed attitude, Social withdrawal, lowering of social performance.

18 / 20

Suspiciousness that others are trying to harm him/ plotting against him/ trying to poison him/ are watching/ spying/ tracking him

19 / 20

Suspicious that others are talking ill about him/ events happening around him have a personal meaning

20 / 20

Patient can hear voices talking directly to him.

Your score is

Schizophrenia Disorder

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Addiction – 25 year old Engineering drop out with addiction to Alcohol, Nicotine & Cannabis. https://test.drchristyabraham.com/case-study/addiction/?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=addiction Sun, 01 Nov 2020 06:08:52 +0000 https://drchristyabraham.com/?post_type=case-study&p=4392

Addiction

25 year old Engineering drop out with addiction to Alcohol, Nicotine & Cannabis.

A 25-year-old male was brought to my clinic at Podiyadi, Thiruvalla by his parents. He had complaints of addiction to multiple substances including Alcohol, Nicotine & Cannabis.

My client started using substances after he joined for Mechanical Engineering at a prestigious institute in Kerala. During the ragging time seniors would ask him to drink Alcohol, which he obliged. Later he began to drink alcohol with friends on occasions. Slowly he began to drink more regularly about 300ml once in 3 days along with friends. From his 2nd year of engineering he began to drink on a daily basis alone. He would either go and buy it self or would ask his juniors to get it for him. He would drink about 500-1000ml brandy per day. He began to drink as soon as he got up from sleep. After a while at night he would wake up in between his sleep and would consume liquor. He began to lose interest in other activities like sports and studies. He began to have intense craving for drinking. All the time he was pre-occupied with how to get money to buy more alcohol. He began to tell his parents lies that he had exams, study tours and projects in order to get money for buying alcohol. A couple of times he stole money from his friends too. His friends began to counsel and advise him to stop drinking. Slowly he began to feel guilt and shame over his drinking. So, he tried to cut down on his drinking. But whenever he tried to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed, he had tremors of hands and sometimes whole body shaking; sleep was also disturbed. He began to experience anxiety, worries and had low mood.

Along with his alcohol use he also used to smoke cigarettes- nicotine and cannabis. Initially he would smoke about 2-3 cigarettes occasionally, but slowly after a year he was addicted to it and began to smoke about 15-20 cigarettes per day. He had intense craving for nicotine, more than that he had for alcohol. He also began to use cannabis initially along with friends for fun, but later on a regular basis alone. Whenever he smoked cannabis, he had this dreamy state where he could hear voices which nobody else could and see images which  nobody else could. He was frightened and became paranoid. A couple of times he had fight with his friends accusing them of spying on him when he was high on weed. After smoking cannabis his eyes would become red and muddy and he would have high appetite and would become irritable and frequently quarrelled with his friends. He began to be suspicious of his girlfriend, whom he accused of having relationship with others. Once he beat his girl friend very badly that she had to be hospitalized. Once in a Bar, under the influence of alcohol he had a fight with locals and caused damage to the property. A legal case was filed against him. He was suspended from college and later became a college drop out.

His parents took him to a local psychiatrist and was admitted for 30 days in a de-addiction centre. Upon discharge he was given medications. But after discharge he again began to consume alcohol. So, the doctor gave the parents medicines to be given in his food without his knowledge. So, this time after he drank alcohol, he had severe vomiting and had to be hospitalized. There after they discontinued his medications and later, he again began drinking as before. So now they took him to another de-addiction centre where he was admitted for 21 days. There according to him, they gave him alcohol and after taking each sip, he was given electric shocks as an aversive conditioning method. This made him very angry and ‘mad’ and un-cooperative. He completed 21 days of hospital stay, but on the day of discharge itself he went away from his home to Bangalore and took a part time job in a hotel. There at Bangalore he began to drink heavily and also smoke cannabis. His parents gave police complaint and was found and brought back.

He became depressed, was sad over the fact that he could achieve nothing in life when his friends were now well placed. He had also lost his girlfriend. He was full of guilt and thought that he has become a burden to his family. He lost hope in himself and thought that it was better for him to die. He tried to commit suicide by wrist slash with a blade, but was seen on time and rescued. His father who was working in an MNC in gulf resigned and came home. His father searched online for a psychiatrist who does deaddiction treatment and found my name and called, took appointment and came to my clinic at Podiyadi, Thiruvalla.

On examination, my client was moderately built and nourished, fully conscious, fairly cooperative, rapport was difficult to establish in the beginning, with lots of denial. Psychomotor activity was decreased, Talk was slightly decreased in amount, tone & tempo, reaction time was increased, prosody was maintained, relevant & coherent. Examination of his Thought showed that he had depressive cognitions- ideas of helplessness, worthlessness and hopelessness. No active suicidal ideas although death wishes were present. Mood was anxious & depressed. Affect was decreased in range and reactivity, appropriate with no lability. No perceptual abnormalities like hallucinations were noted. Cognitive functions showed decreased attention and concentration with normal intelligence & memory. Abstractability and intact judgement were normal. Insight was moderate.

Neuropsychiatric assessment scales used:

  1. CAGE Questionnaire
  2. The Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test (MAST)
  3. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT)
  4. Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAM-D)

Diagnosis of – ADS (Alcohol Dependence Syndrome), CDS (Cannabis Dependence Syndrome), NDS (Nicotine Dependence Syndrome) and Substance induced Depressive disorder- moderate was made.

Patient and relative were psychoeducated regarding the disorder, a definitive management plan was worked out with the client and relative. Client was started on Psychotherapy (MET: Motivation Enhancement Therapy) along with detoxification phase with drugs. Slowly patient was motivated to stop substances. After detoxification phase, anti-craving medications were started along with CBT (Psychotherapy). He was also encouraged to get involved in Alcoholic Anonymous programmes (peer support group), which he did with great enthusiasm. After 4 weeks of treatment, he remained completely abstinent from alcohol and other substances, his depression got resolved and he was self-motivated in continuing to remain abstinent from substance use.

Self-Assessment

Check if you have Addiction

Self-Assessment

Alcohol Addiction Test

1 / 10

How often do you have a drink containing alcohol?

2 / 10

How many drinks containing alcohol do you have on a typical day when you are drinking?

3 / 10

How often do you have six or more drinks on one occasion?

4 / 10

How often during the last year did you find that you were not able to stop drinking once you started?

5 / 10

How often during the last year did you fail to do what was normally expected of you because of drinking?

6 / 10

How often during the last year have you needed a first drink in the morning to get yourself going?

7 / 10

How often during the last year have you had a feeling of guilt or remorse after drinking?

8 / 10

How often during the last year were you unable to remember what happened the night before?

9 / 10

Have you or someone else been injured because of your drinking?

10 / 10

Has a relative, friend or doctor been concerned about your drinking or suggested you cut down?

Your score is

Addiction Disorder

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